“`html<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretimini ve kalitesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131yor ve arpa da bundan nasibini al\u0131yor. Hayvan yemi ve bira \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bu tah\u0131l, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caktan dolay\u0131 geli\u015fimi olumsuz etkileniyor. S\u0131cak dalgalar\u0131, h\u00fccre zarlar\u0131na zarar veriyor, proteinleri bozuyor ve h\u00fccreler i\u00e7in zararl\u0131 olan reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerinin \u00fcretimini art\u0131r\u0131yor. Bu bozukluklar, bitkinin fotosentezini ve \u00fcreme s\u00fcrecini engelleyerek verim kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Buna \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak, fizyolojik ve molek\u00fcler mekanizmalar inceleniyor. Fizyolojik yakla\u015f\u0131mlar a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, ekim tarihinin optimize edilmesi, arpan\u0131n \u00e7i\u00e7eklenme ve tanelerin dolma a\u015famalar\u0131 gibi kritik d\u00f6nemlerde yo\u011fun s\u0131caktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Uygun sulama ve g\u00fcbre y\u00f6netimi, bitkilerin iyi bir hidrasyon ve besin seviyesini koruyarak s\u0131ca\u011fa daha iyi direnmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor. Yararl\u0131 mantar ve bakterilerin a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 da arpan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini te\u015fvik ederek ve strese kar\u015f\u0131 savunma sistemini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek s\u0131ca\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 Bacillus t\u00fcrleri gibi mikroorganizmalar, bitki hormonlar\u0131 \u00fcreterek ve azot ba\u011flayarak besin maddelerinin daha iyi emilimini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Ayn\u0131 zamanda, \u0131s\u0131 stresi alt\u0131ndaki bitkilerde iyon dengesizliklerinden sorumlu olan reaktif oksijen t\u00fcrlerini n\u00f6tralize etmeye de yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyorlar.<\/p>\n
Molek\u00fcler d\u00fczeyde \u00f6nemli ilerlemeler kaydedildi. Model bitkilerde, \u00f6rne\u011fin Arabidopsis\u2019te tan\u0131mlanan s\u0131ca\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131 genler, arpaya aktar\u0131ld\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin, yabani arpadan elde edilen HvGST4<\/em> geni, Arabidopsis\u2019te a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ifade edildi ve bu, bitkinin sadece s\u0131ca\u011fa de\u011fil, kurakl\u0131\u011fa, tuza ve so\u011fu\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 da dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rd\u0131. Bu gen, h\u00fccreleri koruyan do\u011fal bir antioksidan olan glutatiyon \u00fcretimini te\u015fvik ediyor. Bu\u011fdaydan elde edilen TaHsfA6b<\/em> geni de gen d\u00fczenleme yoluyla arpaya entegre edildi ve arpan\u0131n y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara dayanma kabiliyetini, normal \u00f6zelliklerini bozmadan art\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ayr\u0131ca, s\u0131ca\u011fa dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131kla ili\u015fkili genetik b\u00f6lgeler olan QTL\u2019leri de belirlediler. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fc, 120 arpa \u00e7e\u015fidinde \u0131s\u0131 stresine kar\u015f\u0131 diren\u00e7le ili\u015fkilendirildi, on tanesi ise hem diren\u00e7 hem de tanelerin kalitesini etkiliyor. Bu ke\u015fifler, genomik se\u00e7me teknikleri sayesinde, bitkilerin performanslar\u0131n\u0131 tahmin etmek i\u00e7in DNA\u2019lar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlerin se\u00e7ilmesine olanak tan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n CRISPR y\u00f6ntemiyle yap\u0131lan gen d\u00fczenlemesi, DNA\u2019y\u0131 hassas bir \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirmenin bir yolu olarak umut verici perspektifler sunuyor. Bu y\u00f6ntem, arpan\u0131n direncini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in belirli genleri hedef alarak istenmeyen mutasyonlar eklemeden iyile\u015ftirmeler yapmay\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn k\u0131l\u0131yor. Bu \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirilen \u00e7e\u015fitler, h\u00fccreleri stres durumunda koruyan \u0131s\u0131 \u015foku proteinleri \u00fcretir.<\/p>\n Son olarak, termal priming<\/em> gibi tar\u0131msal uygulamalar, gen\u00e7 fideleri k\u0131sa s\u00fcreli\u011fine \u0131l\u0131ml\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz b\u0131rakarak arpan\u0131n ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde daha y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klara dayanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu teknik, antioksidan enzimlerin ve koruyucu proteinlerin \u00fcretimini tetikleyen savunma mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 aktive ederek h\u00fccresel hasar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Bu ilerlemeler, optimal tar\u0131m y\u00f6netimiyle birle\u015ftirildi\u011finde, iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine ra\u011fmen arpa \u00fcretiminin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini hatta art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir. Baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde s\u0131cak dalgalar\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda %50\u2019ye varan kay\u0131plar, b\u00f6ylece azalt\u0131labilir ve bu \u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 end\u00fcstriler i\u00e7in istikrarl\u0131 bir arz sa\u011flanabilir.<\/p>\n “`<\/p>\n DOI\u00a0:<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44372-026-00718-6<\/a><\/p>\n Titre\u00a0:<\/strong> Evaluation of molecular and physiological mechanisms underpinning heat stress tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): an approach towards heat resilient barley production<\/p>\n Revue : <\/strong> Discover Plants<\/p>\n \u00c9diteur : <\/strong> Springer Science and Business Media LLC<\/p>\n Auteurs : <\/strong> Ali Hasnain; Muhammad Naveed Anjum; Zahid Mehmood; Adeel Mustafa; Muhammad Umer Farooq Awan<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" “`html S\u0131cak dalgas\u0131 arpan\u0131n verimini tehdit ediyor ancak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler var K\u00fcresel s\u0131cakl\u0131k art\u0131\u015f\u0131, tar\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerinin \u00fcretimini ve kalitesini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azalt\u0131yor ve arpa da bundan nasibini al\u0131yor. Hayvan yemi ve bira \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan bu tah\u0131l, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131caktan dolay\u0131 geli\u015fimi olumsuz etkileniyor. S\u0131cak dalgalar\u0131, h\u00fccre zarlar\u0131na zarar veriyor, proteinleri bozuyor ve h\u00fccreler i\u00e7in… Okumaya devam et S\u0131cak dalgas\u0131 arpan\u0131n verimini tehdit ediyor ancak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler var<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cevre","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22,"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21\/revisions\/22"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/globalagriculturejournal.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
\nMentions des sources<\/h2>\n
Publication cit\u00e9e<\/h3>\n